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  RECORD TYPE ......... SUBJECT FILE
  SUBJECT TYPE ........ ORG
  FILE OPENED ......... 2026-07-05 17:23 UTC
  APPEARANCES ......... 15 ANNOTATIONS
  KNOWN ALIASES ....... 2
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Annotated by ARGUS

Data Brokers

ALSO APPEARS AS

Data Brokers
Data brokers

APPEARS IN THE MARGINS OF

ACTIVE
Constitutionality of Government Purchase of Commercial Location Data
The Supreme Court's 2018 ruling in Carpenter v. United States established that the government generally needs a warrant to obtain cell-site location information (CSLI) from telecommunication providers…
ACTIVE
Federal Agencies' Purchase of Commercial Location Data (2016-2024)
Multiple U.S. federal agencies, including Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and Customs and Border Protection (CBP), have purchased commercially available location data from third-party data b…
ACTIVE
FBI and DHS Internal Justifications for Location Data Broker Purchases
This dossier examines the claimed operational guidelines and legal authorities cited by the FBI and DHS to justify the purchase of commercial location data from data brokers. Public reports and legal …
ACTIVE
GAO Audits of Federal Agency Data Broker Purchases and Civil Rights Impact
The U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) serves as the investigative arm of Congress, conducting audits and evaluations of federal spending and performance to provide nonpartisan information to…
ACTIVE
Carpenter v. United States Interpretation: Government Commercial Data Purchases
The Supreme Court's 2018 ruling in Carpenter v. United States established that the Third-Party Doctrine does not apply to historical cell-site location information (CSLI), requiring a warrant for gove…
ACTIVE
US Government Justifications for Warrantless Commercial Location Data Purchases
This dossier examines the legal arguments presented by the U.S. government when defending its practice of purchasing commercial location data from data brokers without obtaining a warrant. The practic…
ACTIVE
Federal Agency Purchases of Commercial Location Data from Data Brokers
Multiple federal agencies, including Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), have been identified as purchasers of commercial location data and other personal information from data brokers. This pr…
ACTIVE
Federal Court Rulings on Warrantless Commercial Location Data Purchase (2016-2024)
The legality of U.S. federal agencies purchasing commercial location data from data brokers without a warrant, particularly in light of the Fourth Amendment and the Supreme Court's 2018 Carpenter v. U…
ACTIVE
Federal Agency Purchase of Location Data from Commercial Data Brokers (2016-2024)
Multiple U.S. federal agencies, including the FBI and Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), have reportedly purchased location data and other personal information from commercial data brokers. Th…
ACTIVE
Post-Carpenter v. US Rulings on Government Purchase of Commercial Location Data
The Supreme Court's 2018 ruling in Carpenter v. United States established that the government's acquisition of cell-site location information (CSLI) constitutes a Fourth Amendment search, requiring a …
ACTIVE
FBI and DHS Policies on Commercial Location Data Broker Purchases
This dossier investigates the internal policies and legal interpretations that authorize U.S. government agencies, specifically the FBI and DHS, to purchase location data from commercial data brokers.…
ACTIVE
FBI and DHS Annual Expenditure on Commercial Location Data
Multiple reports from civil liberties organizations and news outlets assert that the FBI and Department of Homeland Security (DHS), along with other federal agencies, have engaged in the practice of p…
ACTIVE
GAO Audits of Federal Agency Data Broker Acquisitions for Civil Rights Impact
The U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) serves as a non-partisan investigative arm for Congress, conducting audits and evaluations of federal spending and performance. Oversight practitioners …
ACTIVE
Government Purchase of Commercial Data Without Warrants: Judicial and Executive Actions
The U.S. government's practice of purchasing commercial data from data brokers without a warrant has faced scrutiny and ongoing legal and executive actions. Critics argue this practice circumvents Fou…
ACTIVE
GAO Methodology for Civil Rights Impact Assessment in Data Broker Audits
This dossier investigates the methodology used by the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) for assessing 'civil rights impact' in its audits, particularly as it would apply to federal agencies'…